The two amino acids at the top left, serine (S) and threonine (T),īoth contain the hydroxyl functional group. The arrangement of the structures in the figure reflects certain similarities. The figure below shows the structural formulas for each member of the set of 20 "standard" amino acids, That are encoded by nucleotide triplets and incorporated into ribosomally-synthesized polypeptides and proteins.Īgain, we now know of some minor, yet interesting, exceptions. We usually think of the natural α-amino acids as comprising a set of 20 This matches the chiral configuration of the naturally-occurring α-amino acids,Īlthough exceptions are not unknown. Thus the figure represents an L configuration, according to the relative configurationĪssignment convention. When the latter is not hydrogen (nor amino or carboxyl), C α The other two substituents of C α are the alpha hydrogen (H α)Īnd a variable substituent denoted as R. These groups are shown in their expected ionization state at a physiological pH of about 7. The general structural formula for an α-amino acid, shown at right, contains the amino (blue)Īnd carboxyl (red) functional groups as substituents of a single carbon atom designated as C-alpha The general structure and properties of amino acids.įurther details on the individual amino acids.
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